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Human Meta-Pneumo Virus (HMPV)-China

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Dutch Josh 2 View Drop Down
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    Posted: 01 Jan 2025 at 4:50am
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_metapneumovirus# or https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_metapneumovirus# ;

Human metapneumovirus (HMPV or hMPV) is a negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus of the family Pneumoviridae[1] and is closely related to the Avian metapneumovirus (AMPV) subgroup C. It was isolated for the first time in 2001 in the Netherlands by using the RAP-PCR (RNA arbitrarily primed PCR) technique for identification of unknown viruses growing in cultured cells.[2] As of 2016, it was the second most common cause (after respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)) of acute respiratory tract illness in otherwise-healthy children under the age of 5 in a large US outpatient clinic.[3]

The peak age of hospitalization for infants with HMPV occurs between 6–12 months of age, slightly older than the peak of RSV, which is around 2–3 months. The clinical features and severity of HMPV are similar to those of RSV. HMPV is also an important cause of disease in older adults.

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Transmission

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There are no conclusive studies to date; however, it is likely that transmission occurs by contact with contaminated secretions, via droplet, aerosol, or fomite vectors. Hospital-acquired infections with human metapneumovirus have been reported.[47] HMPV has been shown to circulate during fall and winter months with alternating predominance of a single subtype each year.[37]

Treatment

[edit]

No treatment is yet known,[48] but ribavirin has shown effectiveness in an animal model.[49]

American pharmaceutical corporation Moderna has conducted a clinical trial for a candidate modRNA vaccine against metapneumovirus.[50] As of October 2019, the vaccine candidate has passed through phase I, with reports that the vaccine is well-tolerated at all dose levels at two months, and provokes an immune response which boosts the production of neutralising antibodies.[51]

Evolution

[edit]

Human metapneumovirus was first reported in 2001 and avian metapneumovirus in the 1970s. There are at least four lineages of human metapneumovirus—A1, A2, B1 and B2. Avian metapneumovirus has been divided into four subgroups—A, B, C and D. Bayesian estimates suggest that human metapneumovirus emerged 119–133 years ago and diverged from avian metapneumovirus around 1800.[52]

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https://www.thailandmedical.news/news/emerging-novel-lineages-of-human-metapneumovirus-in-china-mark-the-start-of-2025 or https://www.thailandmedical.news/news/emerging-novel-lineages-of-human-metapneumovirus-in-china-mark-the-start-of-2025 ;

TMN-Article claiming;

-Virus causing symptoms also in other body areas, gastro, central nervos system ?
-Virus may be a global issue...China detecting it for now...
-A2 subtype changing-bringing more severe disease

End of part 1
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Post Options Post Options   Thanks (0) Thanks(0)   Quote Dutch Josh 2 Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 01 Jan 2025 at 5:03am
part 2,

https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/health-environment/article/3292666/hong-kongs-winter-flu-season-expected-peak-mid-january-expert-says?module=top_story&pgtype=subsection or https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/health-environment/article/3292666/hong-kongs-winter-flu-season-expected-peak-mid-january-expert-says?module=top_story&pgtype=subsection ;
Hong Kong’s winter flu season is expected to peak in mid-January, a respiratory disease expert has predicted, noting holidaymakers were returning from countries experiencing H1N1 outbreaks.

David Hui Shu-cheong, a professor of respiratory medicine at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, on Sunday urged high-risk groups including children and elderly residents to get vaccinated as soon as possible.

The latest data from the Centre for Health Protection indicated overall influenza activity remained low, but there had been an uptick in the percentage of respiratory specimens testing positive for flu at public laboratories.

The positivity rate increased from 1.09 per cent in the week of December 8 to 1.35 per cent in the week of December 15, Hui said.

“It’s very likely local flu activity will continue to rise,” he said in a television interview. “Many residents have also recently gone to Japan, mainland China, Taiwan and Singapore, which are having an outbreak of H1N1. In South Korea, there is even a co-circulation of H1N1 and H3N2, and it’s possible for holidaymakers to bring the virus back home as they return.

He said Hong Kong would likely reach the baseline threshold of 4.94 per cent in just “a few weeks”, he said. The percentage of positive influenza test results indicates the typical level of influenza activity in a population.

“It’s therefore very likely for us to see a peak in January.”

Hui reassured the public that a major outbreak of the H1N1 virus was unlikely, as it had been circulating throughout the year.

But he cautioned that the flu season could be prolonged if H3N2 became the dominant strain after H1N1, similar to the previous winter flu season.

Hui said he believed that with the population’s higher vaccination rate, this year’s flu cases were unlikely to be worse than last year’s.

More time was needed to determine whether the city would see a prolonged winter flu season of 28 weeks again, Hui said. But he did not rule out the possibility of a change in the dominant strain, noting that many residents might no longer be immune to H3 after continuous exposure to H1N1.

He also observed that fewer people were keeping masks on during the flu season, which would also affect the scale of the outbreak.

As of November 24, about 40 per cent of children aged below six and 60 per cent of those between six and 11 had received their seasonal flu vaccination, according to official statistics.

As for those aged 65 or above, less than 40 per cent had taken the vaccine.

Hui also noted local Covid-19 activity remained stable, with no outbreaks expected in the short term.

DJ, So is Hong Kong missing the HMPV cases or is it not in Hong Kong ? 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_metapneumovirus#Epidemiology or https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_metapneumovirus#Epidemiology ;

Epidemiology

[edit]

HMPV was responsible for 12% of cases of acute respiratory tract illness in otherwise-healthy children in a US outpatient clinic[3] and 15% and 8% of cases (respectively) of community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization in children under and over the age of 5 in the United States.[9] The virus is distributed worldwide and, in temperate regions, has a seasonal distribution generally following that of RSV and influenza virus during late winter and spring.[3][10] Serologic studies have shown that by the age of five, virtually all children worldwide have been exposed to the virus.[2][11][12][13] Despite near universal infection during early life, reinfections are common in older children and adults.[3][14][12][15] Human metapneumovirus may cause mild upper respiratory tract infection (the common cold). However, premature infants,[16] immunocompromised persons,[17][18][19][20] and older adults >65 years [15][21][22] are at risk for severe disease and hospitalization. In some studies of hospitalizations and emergency room visits, HMPV is nearly as common and as severe as influenza in older adults.[15][21][22][23] HMPV is associated with more severe disease in people with asthma[24][25][26][27] and adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).[28][29][30] Numerous outbreaks of HMPV have been reported in long-term care facilities for children and adults, causing fatalities.[31][32][33][34][35]


DJ, so everyone is supposed to have been in contact with HMPV-however it does not provide long term protection against reinfection. 

https://www.thailandmedical.news/news/chilean-case-study-shows-that-human-metapneumovirus-hmpv-infections-can-cause-fatal-hemorrhagic-pneumonia or https://www.thailandmedical.news/news/chilean-case-study-shows-that-human-metapneumovirus-hmpv-infections-can-cause-fatal-hemorrhagic-pneumonia 
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https://www.thailandmedical.news/news/human-metapneumovirus-hmpv-can-impair-the-central-nervous-system or https://www.thailandmedical.news/news/human-metapneumovirus-hmpv-can-impair-the-central-nervous-system 

and https://www.thailandmedical.news/news/hmpv-is-adapt-at-viral-persistence-hiding-in-lung-neural-fibers-and-reactivated-by-glucocorticoid-treatments or https://www.thailandmedical.news/news/hmpv-is-adapt-at-viral-persistence-hiding-in-lung-neural-fibers-and-reactivated-by-glucocorticoid-treatments 

DJ HMPV can spread next to types of flu, CoViD etc. 

https://flutrackers.com/forum/forum/internet-communication/avian-flu-diary/1003631-nature-a-single-mutation-in-dairy-cow-associated-h5n1-viruses-increases-receptor-binding-breadth or https://flutrackers.com/forum/forum/internet-communication/avian-flu-diary/1003631-nature-a-single-mutation-in-dairy-cow-associated-h5n1-viruses-increases-receptor-binding-breadth 

DJ, Keeping H5N1 on a very close watch is wise&welcome; ignoring other diseases is wrong.
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Post Options Post Options   Thanks (0) Thanks(0)   Quote Dutch Josh 2 Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 01 Jan 2025 at 8:26am
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⚠️ BREAKING: China 🇨🇳 Declares State of Emergency as Epidemic Overwhelms Hospitals and Crematoriums. Multiple viruses, including Influenza A, HMPV, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and COVID-19, are spreading rapidly across China.
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Ms. Wang, a funeral director in Zhejiang, described long cremation lines, with VIP furnaces in use, emitting heavy smoke. She likened the scene to a bustling New Year market. As a result, the government has declared a state of emergency in response to the escalating epidemic.
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China is facing a surge in multiple viruses, including Influenza A, HMPV, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and COVID-19, overwhelming hospitals and crematoriums. Children's hospitals are particularly strained by rising pneumonia and "white lung" cases.
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The surge in cases has also led to an alarming increase in sudden deaths, with people aged 40 to 80 being particularly affected. Funeral industry operators have reported crematoriums are so full that some have exploded due to the high volume of deceased.
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In rural areas like Hunan, many locals are unable to afford medical care, leading to a rise in deaths from untreated conditions. The Chinese CDC confirmed a rise in acute respiratory infections nationwide, fueling widespread panic.
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DJ, More info welcome...

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Post Options Post Options   Thanks (0) Thanks(0)   Quote Dutch Josh 2 Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 02 Jan 2025 at 11:15pm
https://www.thailandmedical.news/news/doctors-warn-that-hmpv-can-trigger-deaths-in-children-with-covid-19 or https://www.thailandmedical.news/news/doctors-warn-that-hmpv-can-trigger-deaths-in-children-with-covid-19 

link to https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7436913/ or https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7436913/ 

DJ-Since it is about HMPV-CoViD coinfections I will put it on the "new pandemic" part. 
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