A new pandemic

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   https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influenza_A_virus_subtype_H3N8#History  or https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influenza_A_virus_subtype_H3N8#History ;
In 1963, the H3N8 (A/equine/2/Miami/63) subtype created an epidemic of equine influenza in Miami and subsequently spread throughout North and South America and Europe, creating massive outbreaks during 1964 and 1965. Since 1963, the H3N8 virus has drifted along a single lineage at a rate of 0.8 amino acid substitutions per year. Between 1978 and 1981, there were widespread epidemics of the A/equine/2 strain throughout the US and Europe despite the development of vaccines. Since the late 1980s, evolution of the H3N8 virus has diverged into two families: an "American-like" lineage and a "European-like" lineage.^[6] A 1997 study found H3N8 was responsible for over one quarter of the influenza infections in wild ducks.^[7]
H3N8 has been suggested as a possible cause of the 1889–1890 pandemic in humans, and also another epidemic in 1898–1900.^[8]^[9] Before the identification of H3N8 as a possible cause of the 1889 pandemic, the H2N2 subtype was suggested.^[10]^[11]^[12] At this point, it is not possible to identify the virus for either the 1889 or 1900 outbreak with certainty.^[13]
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37990831/ or https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37990831/  link to https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/22221751.2023.2287683  or https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/22221751.2023.2287683 ;
Influenza viruses of the H3 subtype can infect a variety of hosts, such as humans, pigs, horses, dogs, cats, seals, monkeys and birds including poultry and wild birds [Citation6]. There have been three human cases of H3N8 subtype AIV infection in China since 2022, resulting in one death [Citation7,Citation8]. These cases, although sporadic, demonstrate that this subtype of AIV can be transmitted to mammalian hosts through an interspecific barrier and have raised concerns whether H3N8 AIVs will become a future major public health threat [Citation9].

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The H3N3 subtype was further identified using HA and NA specific primers [Citation10] and sequencing. The viruses were isolated by inoculation into 10-day-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) embryonated chicken eggs with homogenate and named A/chicken/China/NT322/2023(H3N3) (NT322/H3N3) and A/chicken/China/NT308/2023(H3N3) (NT308/H3N3), respectively. Throat and cloacal swabs of chickens from a nearby live poultry market were also sampled and one strain A/chicken/China/J1247/2023(H3N3) was isolated.

DJ, Again; CoViD is NOT over-so flu can spread ON TOP OF CoViD. (Just like Mpox did see openings). H1,H2,H3 types of flu are high pandemic risk...

H5,H7,H9,H10 types of flu may interact with H1,H2,H3 most widespread types of (A) flu...CoViD and flu can co-spread/co-infect

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Dutch Josh 2 Members Profile Send Private Message Find Members Posts Add to Buddy List Admin Group Joined: 21 Aug 2024 Status: Offline Points: 931	Post Options Post Reply Quote Dutch Josh 2 Report Post Thanks(0) Quote Reply Posted: 29 minutes ago at 1:10pm
	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influenza_A_virus_subtype_H3N8#History or https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influenza_A_virus_subtype_H3N8#History ; In 1963, the H3N8 (A/equine/2/Miami/63) subtype created an epidemic of equine influenza in Miami and subsequently spread throughout North and South America and Europe, creating massive outbreaks during 1964 and 1965. Since 1963, the H3N8 virus has drifted along a single lineage at a rate of 0.8 amino acid substitutions per year. Between 1978 and 1981, there were widespread epidemics of the A/equine/2 strain throughout the US and Europe despite the development of vaccines. Since the late 1980s, evolution of the H3N8 virus has diverged into two families: an "American-like" lineage and a "European-like" lineage.^[6] A 1997 study found H3N8 was responsible for over one quarter of the influenza infections in wild ducks.^[7] H3N8 has been suggested as a possible cause of the 1889–1890 pandemic in humans, and also another epidemic in 1898–1900.^[8]^[9] Before the identification of H3N8 as a possible cause of the 1889 pandemic, the H2N2 subtype was suggested.^[10]^[11]^[12] At this point, it is not possible to identify the virus for either the 1889 or 1900 outbreak with certainty.^[13] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37990831/ or https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37990831/ link to https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/22221751.2023.2287683 or https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/22221751.2023.2287683 ; Influenza viruses of the H3 subtype can infect a variety of hosts, such as humans, pigs, horses, dogs, cats, seals, monkeys and birds including poultry and wild birds [Citation6]. There have been three human cases of H3N8 subtype AIV infection in China since 2022, resulting in one death [Citation7,Citation8]. These cases, although sporadic, demonstrate that this subtype of AIV can be transmitted to mammalian hosts through an interspecific barrier and have raised concerns whether H3N8 AIVs will become a future major public health threat [Citation9]. - The H3N3 subtype was further identified using HA and NA specific primers [Citation10] and sequencing. The viruses were isolated by inoculation into 10-day-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) embryonated chicken eggs with homogenate and named A/chicken/China/NT322/2023(H3N3) (NT322/H3N3) and A/chicken/China/NT308/2023(H3N3) (NT308/H3N3), respectively. Throat and cloacal swabs of chickens from a nearby live poultry market were also sampled and one strain A/chicken/China/J1247/2023(H3N3) was isolated. DJ, Again; CoViD is NOT over-so flu can spread ON TOP OF CoViD. (Just like Mpox did see openings). H1,H2,H3 types of flu are high pandemic risk... H5,H7,H9,H10 types of flu may interact with H1,H2,H3 most widespread types of (A) flu...CoViD and flu can co-spread/co-infect