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Mpox Discussion Forum: Latest News & Information Regarding the Clade 1b Mpox Virus |
New emerging Monkeypox strain in Congo |
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Dutch Josh
Admin Group Joined: 23 Jun 2024 Status: Offline Points: 554 |
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https://afludiary.blogspot.com/2024/06/who-multi-country-outbreak-of-mpox.html or https://afludiary.blogspot.com/2024/06/who-multi-country-outbreak-of-mpox.html ;
Last week the CDC held a COCA Call : Mpox - Clinical Management & Outbreaks, as reports of sporadic infections (clade IIb) continue across the nation (see CBS News S.F. officials monitor rise in domestic mpox cases as global outbreak spreads)
At the same time a far more dangerous clade I mpox virus continues to rage in the DRC, which over the past 18 months has been blamed for more than 20,000 suspected mpox cases and more than 1,000 deaths. The changing epidemiology and genetic evolution of mpox clade I in central Africa has sparked a number of risks assessments over the past six months, including: CDC HAN Advisory #00501: Mpox Caused by H-2-H Transmission with Geographic Spread in the Democratic Republic of the Congo Last March a study was published Eurosurveillance: Ongoing Mpox Outbreak in South Kivu Province, DRC Associated With a Novel Clade I Sub-lineage, describing the first genomic analysis of samples from a previously unaffected region of the DRC (the city of Kamituga).
A month later, in Preprint: Sustained Human Outbreak of a New MPXV Clade I Lineage in Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, we saw a further analysis, which called for this new lineage to be named Clade Ib, and warned of its potential to spread globally.
As we've seen with COVID, and other infectious disease reporting around the globe, surveillance and reporting on Mpox is often limited, or sometimes missing entirely. The WHO describes this situation below:
- Nearly every WHO DON or disease Situation Report contains diplomatic reminders to member nations of their `duty to report' these types of cases under the IHR 2005 agreement, but compliance remains spotty at best.
Like asking your doctor to `touch up your X-rays', this is a strategy that only works for the short term. DJ...So-yes-lots of countries failing to even do the basics to avoid pandemics...(I am not going that crazy...) |
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Dutch Josh
Admin Group Joined: 23 Jun 2024 Status: Offline Points: 554 |
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https://afludiary.blogspot.com/2024/07/biomedicines-re-emergence-of-mpox-old.html or https://afludiary.blogspot.com/2024/07/biomedicines-re-emergence-of-mpox-old.html ;
While much of the world expressed surprise when a clade IIb Mpox (then called Monkeypox) virus began its world tour in the spring of 2022, experts had been warning for years it was not only possible, but increasingly likely. PLoS NTD: The Changing Epidemiology of Human Monkeypox—A potential threat? While largely ignored, 2 distinct clades of Mpox (I & II) had been spreading across central Africa for decades, mostly in a handful of endemic countries (clade I primarily in the DRC & CAR), with a weaker clade II virus re-emerging in Nigeria after an absence of 40 years in 2017. DJ...no "lab-leak-non-sense" needed ! Very UNwelcome anti-science !
But we've seen recent increases in the spread of the more pathogenic clade I virus in the DRC, including the emergence of a new, and apparently more transmissible, clade Ib virus (see Eurosurveillance: Ongoing Mpox Outbreak in South Kivu Province, DRC Associated With a Novel Clade I Sub-lineage).
The Mpox virus (MPXV) is known to cause zoonotic disease in humans. The virus belongs to the genus Orthopoxvirus, of the family Poxviridae, and was first reported in monkeys in 1959 in Denmark and in humans in 1970 in the Congo. MPXV first appeared in the U.S. in 2003, re-emerged in 2017, and spread globally within a few years. Wild African rodents are thought to be the reservoir of MPXV. The exotic trade of animals and international travel can contribute to the spread of the Mpox virus. A phylogenetic analysis of MPXV revealed two distinct clades (Central African clade and West African clade). The smallpox vaccine shows cross-protection against MPXV infections in humans. Those who have not previously been exposed to Orthopoxvirus infections are more vulnerable to MPXV infections. Clinical manifestations in humans include fever, muscle pain, headache, and vesicle formation on the skin of infected individuals. Pathognomonic lesions include ballooning degenerations with Guarnieri-like inclusions in vesicular epithelial cells. Alterations in viral genome through genetic mutations might favor the re-emergence of a version of MPXV with enhanced virulence. As of November 2023, 92,783 cases and 171 deaths have been reported in 116 countries, representing a global public health concern. Here, we provide insights on the re-emergence of MPXV in humans. This review covers the origin, emergence, re-emergence, transmission, pathology, diagnosis, control measures, and immunomodulation of the virus, as well as clinical manifestations. Concerted efforts of health professionals and scientists are needed to prevent the disease and stop its transmission in vulnerable populations. DJ, Time to restart a sort of (M)pox vaccination ? But another aspect is travel...diseases travel for free ! Testing has its limits...for climate reasons less travel also would be welcome...
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