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African Swine Fever - risk for humans (?)

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Dutch Josh View Drop Down
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    Posted: 15 Jul 2024 at 12:10pm
https://www.thailandmedical.news/news/ongoing-african-swine-fever-outbreak-in-vietnam-raises-alarms-of-reassortant-strain-that-can-emerge-and-infect-humans or https://www.thailandmedical.news/news/ongoing-african-swine-fever-outbreak-in-vietnam-raises-alarms-of-reassortant-strain-that-can-emerge-and-infect-humans 

link to; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC112910/ or https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC112910/ ; (1999)

In late summer through early winter of 1998, there were several outbreaks of respiratory disease in the swine herds of North Carolina, Texas, Minnesota, and Iowa. Four viral isolates from outbreaks in different states were analyzed genetically. Genotyping and phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that the four swine viruses had emerged through two different pathways. The North Carolina isolate is the product of genetic reassortment between H3N2 human and classic swine H1N1 influenza viruses, while the others arose from reassortment of human H3N2, classic swine H1N1, and avian viral genes. The hemagglutinin genes of the four isolates were all derived from the human H3N2 virus circulating in 1995. It remains to be determined if either of these recently emerged viruses will become established in the pigs in North America and whether they will become an economic burden.


DJ, In Vietnam it seems risks are growing for a mix of African Swine Fever and "other/human" flu types...
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Post Options Post Options   Thanks (0) Thanks(0)   Quote Dutch Josh Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 15 Jul 2024 at 12:18pm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_swine_fever_virus#Virology or https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_swine_fever_virus#Virology ;

ASFV is a large (175–215 nm),[6] icosahedral, double-stranded DNA virus with a linear genome of 189 kilobases containing more than 180 genes.[7] The number of genes differs slightly among different isolates of the virus.[8]

 ASFV has similarities to the other large DNA viruses, e.g., poxvirusiridovirus, and mimivirus. In common with other viral hemorrhagic fevers, the main target cells for replication are those of monocytemacrophage lineage. 

Entry of the virus into the host cell is receptor-mediated, but the precise mechanism of endocytosis is presently unclear.[9]

Flu ib pigs; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influenza#Pigs or https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influenza#Pigs;

Influenza in pigs is a respiratory disease similar to influenza in humans and is found worldwide. Asymptomatic infections are common. Symptoms typically appear 1–3 days after infection and include fever, lethargy, anorexia, weight loss, labored breathing, coughing, sneezing, and nasal discharge. 

In sows, pregnancy may be aborted. Complications include secondary infections and potentially fatal bronchopneumonia. Pigs become contagious within a day of infection and typically spread the virus for 7–10 days, which can spread rapidly within a herd. Pigs usually recover within 3–7 days after symptoms appear.

 Prevention and control measures include inactivated vaccines and culling infected herds. Influenza A virus subtypes H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2 are usually responsible for swine flu

DJ...What I make of it flu is another type of virus than African Swine Fever (ASF) is...
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Post Options Post Options   Thanks (0) Thanks(0)   Quote Dutch Josh Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 15 Jul 2024 at 12:23pm
https://afludiary.blogspot.com/2024/07/viruses-review-potential-intermediates.html or https://afludiary.blogspot.com/2024/07/viruses-review-potential-intermediates.html ;

Zoonotic diseases - those which originated in or are normally hosted by non-human species, but can spill over into humans - have been with us for thousands of years. 
The list of zoonotic diseases is long and continues to expand, and includes such well known infections as SARS, MERS, SARS-COV-2, Babesiosis, Borrelia (Lyme), Nipah, Hendra, Malaria, Dengue, Zika, Hantavirus, Ebola, Bartonella, Leptospirosis, Rabies, Mpox, Q-Fever, and many, many others.

These emerging infectious diseases are considered such an important threat that the CDC maintains as special division – NCEZID (National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases) – to deal with them.

In 2014, in Emerging zoonotic viral diseases L.-F. Wang (1, 2) * & G. Crameri wrote:
The last 30 years have seen a rise in emerging infectious diseases in humans and of these over 70% are zoonotic (2, 3). Zoonotic infections are not new. They have always featured among the wide range of human diseases and most, e.g. anthrax, tuberculosis, plague, yellow fever and influenza, have come from domestic animals, poultry and livestock. However, with changes in the environment, human behaviour and habitat, increasingly these infections are emerging from wildlife
While coronaviruses have now joined the ranks of pandemic-producing viruses, influenza - due to its potential to reassort in numerous hosts (see graphic at the top of this page) - continues to lead the list of pandemic contenders.  
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4. Conclusions

Cross-species transmission of viruses from wild or domesticated animals is one of the main sources of emerging infectious agents in humans. Frequent outcomes of cross-species transmission are asymptomatic infection or dead-end events where the virus fails to establish in a new host species. However, rare but critical viral evolution in a new host can cause significant adaptations, leading to widespread outbreaks. From their natural reservoirs in wild waterfowl, IAVs have been transmitted to terrestrial birds and mammals, including humans (Figure 1). Viral adaptation in new hosts or genetic reassortment between human- and animal-origin IAVs in “mixing vessels” can lead to unpredictable changes, increasing zoonotic potential.

          (Continue . . . .)


If it were easy for nature to generate a successful pandemic virus, we'd be hip-deep in them all of the time. Luckily, most novel viruses are evolutionary failures, unable to compete against more `biologically fit' viruses. 

But it is a numbers game; the more diverse these viruses become - and the more hosts they inhabit - the better the chances are that a viable pandemic virus will emerge. 

That may not happen today, or even this year. But `viral chatter' (a term popularized by David Quammen) - referring to reports of novel flu spillovers into new species -  continues to grow at an unprecedented rate. 

Making it more a matter of when than if. 


DJ...So is the https://www.thailandmedical.news/news/ongoing-african-swine-fever-outbreak-in-vietnam-raises-alarms-of-reassortant-strain-that-can-emerge-and-infect-humans or https://www.thailandmedical.news/news/ongoing-african-swine-fever-outbreak-in-vietnam-raises-alarms-of-reassortant-strain-that-can-emerge-and-infect-humans  confusing AFS with pigs-flu ?????
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Post Options Post Options   Thanks (0) Thanks(0)   Quote Dutch Josh Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 15 Jul 2024 at 12:36pm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_swine_fever_virus#2018%E2%80%932020_African_swine_fever_panzootic or https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_swine_fever_virus#2018%E2%80%932020_African_swine_fever_panzootic ; In 2018 the virus spread to Asia, affecting more than 10 percent of the total pig population in several countries, leading to severe economic losses in the pig sector.[28]

DJ, ASF showed up in lots of places in EurAsia (EU, India, China...) still also active in Africa...

Can it be somehow linked to the following CoViD pandemic ? Could CoViD have been a (missed) coinfection in pigs-jumping (in)direct to humans ????

Even if ASF is -in itself- not a type of flu it may result in pigs catching different kinds of flu. Vietnam had 1 human H5N1 case this year https://www.cidrap.umn.edu/avian-influenza-bird-flu/vietnam-confirms-h5n1-mans-avian-flu-death or https://www.cidrap.umn.edu/avian-influenza-bird-flu/vietnam-confirms-h5n1-mans-avian-flu-death (linked at the time to birds...). 
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