H7 flu

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   https://www.thailandmedical.news/news/h7n5-debuts-in-germany-to-cause-bird-flu-outbreak-near-border-with-netherlands or https://www.thailandmedical.news/news/h7n5-debuts-in-germany-to-cause-bird-flu-outbreak-near-border-with-netherlands 
and https://afludiary.blogspot.com/2024/07/germany-avian-influenza-outbreak.html or https://afludiary.blogspot.com/2024/07/germany-avian-influenza-outbreak.html ; While we've seen reports of LPAI H7N5 in wild birds in the past, this is - as far as I can tell - the first detection of an HPAI version. 
So far, much of the information we are seeing is coming from the Netherlands, which suffered a historic outbreak of H7N7 in 2003, which resulted in at least 1,000 (mostly mild) human infections, and the loss of 30 million birds.
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The presumed origins of this outbreak was the introduction of an LPAI H7N5 virus - which can spread benignly through wild birds - into a poultry flock, where it mutated into an HPAI virus. While the exact process isn't fully understood, this in a known phenomenon (see graphic below), and is the reason why LPAI H5 and H7 viruses are treated as such a serious threat by WOAH/OIE. 
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While China's H7N9 virus proved exceptionally deadly for humans (killing roughly 40% of those hospitalized between 2013-2018), H7 outbreaks elsewhere in the world have tended to produce relatively mild symptoms in humans. 
A few examples include:
NYC's 016 dramatic H7N2 outbreak in cats, and spillover into animal shelter workers (see J Infect Dis: Serological Evidence Of H7N2 Infection Among Animal Shelter Workers, NYC 2016)
3 mild cases of LPAI H7N7 in Italy in 2013 (see ECDC Update & Assessment: Human Infection By Avian H7N7 In Italy).
In 2006 1 person in the UK was confirmed to have contracted H7N3, and the following year, 4 people tested positive for H7N2 – both following local outbreaks in poultry.
The Fraser Valley H7N3 outbreak of 2004 resulted in at least two human infections, as reported in this EID Journal report: Human Illness from Avian Influenza H7N3, British Columbia.
So far, we haven't seen anything to suggest that this H7N5 virus will be especially problematic, but with H7 viruses you never quite know what you are going to get. 
DJ In Australia;

https://www.outbreak.gov.au/current-outbreaks/avian-influenza or https://www.outbreak.gov.au/current-outbreaks/avian-influenza ;
Detection in Australia
A response to outbreaks of H7 high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) is currently underway on 8 Victorian poultry farms, 2 in New South Wales and one in the ACT.
All infected premises across Victoria, NSW and the ACT have been depopulated.
Victoria
The first detection of an H7N3 HPAI strain was confirmed on 22 May 2024 at a poultry farm near Meredith, in the Golden Plains Shire, Victoria. Six other poultry farms in the shire are now infected, with the most recent confirmed on 24 June.
Tracing activities conducted in May also identified a separate H7N9 HPAI strain on a poultry farm near Terang in the Shire of Corangamite.
Get the latest on these outbreaks - Agriculture Victoria
New South Wales
The NSW Department of Primary Industries is currently responding to 2 outbreaks of H7N8 in poultry in the Hawkesbury district. The first was an egg farm confirmed on 19 June, and then on 22 June a broiler (chicken meat) farm located within the existing Restricted Area, was confirmed with the same strain.
NSW DPI has a 2 km Restricted Area in place around the infected properties. A broader Control Area is also in place.
These outbreaks are separate to the H7 HPAI strains found in Victorian poultry and are not linked. These outbreaks are likely to be a spillover of the virus from wild birds.
Get the latest on these outbreaks from NSW DPI
Australian Capital Territory
Following tracing activities in the ACT, the H7N8 HPAI strain was confirmed on 27 June at a poultry farm. The property was linked to one of the infected properties in NSW.
Details of the ACT situation can found on the ACT Government website.
Government actions
The Australian, and state and territory governments along with affected poultry and egg industries, are working together to manage these outbreaks through well-established response arrangements.

So H7N3, H7N8 and H7N9 in Australia, on the NL-German border a H7N5...

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Dutch Josh Members Profile Send Private Message Find Members Posts Add to Buddy List Admin Group Joined: 23 Jun 2024 Status: Offline Points: 554	Post Options Post Reply Quote Dutch Josh Report Post Thanks(0) Quote Reply Topic: H7 flu Posted: 06 Jul 2024 at 12:01am
	https://www.thailandmedical.news/news/h7n5-debuts-in-germany-to-cause-bird-flu-outbreak-near-border-with-netherlands or https://www.thailandmedical.news/news/h7n5-debuts-in-germany-to-cause-bird-flu-outbreak-near-border-with-netherlands and https://afludiary.blogspot.com/2024/07/germany-avian-influenza-outbreak.html or https://afludiary.blogspot.com/2024/07/germany-avian-influenza-outbreak.html ; While we've seen reports of LPAI H7N5 in wild birds in the past, this is - as far as I can tell - the first detection of an HPAI version. So far, much of the information we are seeing is coming from the Netherlands, which suffered a historic outbreak of H7N7 in 2003, which resulted in at least 1,000 (mostly mild) human infections, and the loss of 30 million birds. - The presumed origins of this outbreak was the introduction of an LPAI H7N5 virus - which can spread benignly through wild birds - into a poultry flock, where it mutated into an HPAI virus. While the exact process isn't fully understood, this in a known phenomenon (see graphic below), and is the reason why LPAI H5 and H7 viruses are treated as such a serious threat by WOAH/OIE. - While China's H7N9 virus proved exceptionally deadly for humans (killing roughly 40% of those hospitalized between 2013-2018), H7 outbreaks elsewhere in the world have tended to produce relatively mild symptoms in humans. A few examples include: NYC's 016 dramatic H7N2 outbreak in cats, and spillover into animal shelter workers (see J Infect Dis: Serological Evidence Of H7N2 Infection Among Animal Shelter Workers, NYC 2016) 3 mild cases of LPAI H7N7 in Italy in 2013 (see ECDC Update & Assessment: Human Infection By Avian H7N7 In Italy). In 2006 1 person in the UK was confirmed to have contracted H7N3, and the following year, 4 people tested positive for H7N2 – both following local outbreaks in poultry. The Fraser Valley H7N3 outbreak of 2004 resulted in at least two human infections, as reported in this EID Journal report: Human Illness from Avian Influenza H7N3, British Columbia. So far, we haven't seen anything to suggest that this H7N5 virus will be especially problematic, but with H7 viruses you never quite know what you are going to get. DJ In Australia; https://www.outbreak.gov.au/current-outbreaks/avian-influenza or https://www.outbreak.gov.au/current-outbreaks/avian-influenza ; Detection in Australia A response to outbreaks of H7 high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) is currently underway on 8 Victorian poultry farms, 2 in New South Wales and one in the ACT. All infected premises across Victoria, NSW and the ACT have been depopulated. Victoria The first detection of an H7N3 HPAI strain was confirmed on 22 May 2024 at a poultry farm near Meredith, in the Golden Plains Shire, Victoria. Six other poultry farms in the shire are now infected, with the most recent confirmed on 24 June. Tracing activities conducted in May also identified a separate H7N9 HPAI strain on a poultry farm near Terang in the Shire of Corangamite. Get the latest on these outbreaks - Agriculture Victoria New South Wales The NSW Department of Primary Industries is currently responding to 2 outbreaks of H7N8 in poultry in the Hawkesbury district. The first was an egg farm confirmed on 19 June, and then on 22 June a broiler (chicken meat) farm located within the existing Restricted Area, was confirmed with the same strain. NSW DPI has a 2 km Restricted Area in place around the infected properties. A broader Control Area is also in place. These outbreaks are separate to the H7 HPAI strains found in Victorian poultry and are not linked. These outbreaks are likely to be a spillover of the virus from wild birds. Get the latest on these outbreaks from NSW DPI Australian Capital Territory Following tracing activities in the ACT, the H7N8 HPAI strain was confirmed on 27 June at a poultry farm. The property was linked to one of the infected properties in NSW. Details of the ACT situation can found on the ACT Government website. Government actions The Australian, and state and territory governments along with affected poultry and egg industries, are working together to manage these outbreaks through well-established response arrangements. So H7N3, H7N8 and H7N9 in Australia, on the NL-German border a H7N5...

Dutch Josh Members Profile Send Private Message Find Members Posts Add to Buddy List Admin Group Joined: 23 Jun 2024 Status: Offline Points: 554	Post Options Post Reply Quote Dutch Josh Report Post Thanks(0) Quote Reply Posted: 06 Jul 2024 at 12:13am
	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avian_influenza or https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avian_influenza ; H=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemagglutinin_(influenza) or https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemagglutinin_(influenza) ; Hemagglutinin is a Class I Fusion Protein, having multifunctional activity as both an attachment factor and membrane fusion protein. Therefore, HA is responsible for binding Influenza virus to sialic acid on the surface of target cells, such as cells in the upper respiratory tract or erythrocytes,^[1] causing as a result the internalization of the virus.^[2] Secondarily, HA is responsible for the fusion of the viral envelope with the late endosomal membrane once exposed to low pH (5.0-5.5).^[3] The name "hemagglutinin" comes from the protein's ability to cause red blood cells (erythrocytes) to clump together ("agglutinate") in vitro.^[4] N=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_neuraminidase or https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_neuraminidase ; Viral neuraminidase is a type of neuraminidase found on the surface of influenza viruses that enables the virus to be released from the host cell. Neuraminidases are enzymes that cleave sialic acid (also called neuraminic acid) groups from glycoproteins. Viral neuraminidase was discovered by Alfred Gottschalk at the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute in 1957.^[3] Neuraminidase inhibitors are antiviral agents that inhibit influenza viral neuraminidase activity and are of major importance in the control of influenza.^[4] Viral neuraminidases are the members of the glycoside hydrolase family 34 CAZY GH_34 which comprises enzymes with only one known activity; sialidase or neuraminidase EC 3.2.1.18. Neuraminidases cleave the terminal sialic acid residues from carbohydrate chains in glycoproteins. Sialic acid is a negatively charged sugar associated with the protein and lipid portions of lipoproteins.^{[citation needed]} To infect a host cell, the influenza virus attaches to the exterior cell surface using hemagglutinin, a molecule found on the surface of the virus that binds to sialic acid groups. DJ So H is "the glue" sticking it to a host-cell, N does the breaking in into the cell so the viral load can get into the host cell... Viruses do need host cells to reproduce themselves...Both of "H" and "N" there are lots of different subtypes... https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/about/index.html or https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/about/index.html; Avian Influenza A(H7) Viruses There are nine known subtypes of A(H7) viruses A(H7N1), A(H7N2), A(H7N3), A(H7N4), A(H7N5), A(H7N6), A(H7N7), A(H7N8), and A(H7N9)]. Most A(H7) viruses identified worldwide in wild birds and poultry are LPAI viruses. Avian influenza A(H7) virus infection of humans have occurred sporadically. The most frequently identified A(H7) viruses associated with human infections are avian influenza A(H7N9) viruses, which were first detected in China in 2013. While human infections with A(H7N9) viruses are uncommon, they have resulted in severe respiratory illness and death in approximately 40% of reported cases. In addition to A(H7N9) viruses, human infections with A(H7N2), A(H7N3), A(H7N4), and A(H7N7) viruses have been reported and have primarily caused mild to moderate illness with symptoms that included conjunctivitis and/or upper respiratory tract symptoms. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influenza_A_virus_subtype_H7N7 or https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influenza_A_virus_subtype_H7N7 ; In 2003, 89 people in the Netherlands were confirmed to have been infected by H7N7 following an outbreak in poultry on approximately 255 farms. One death was recorded – a veterinarian who had been testing chickens for the virus – and all infected flocks were culled. Most affected people had mild symptoms including conjunctivitis.^[1]^[2] Antibodies were found in over half of 500 people tested according to the final official report by the Dutch government DJ, Immunity against most know types of "human" flu may offer only limited protection-at best- against other kinds of flu...H7 is "new" for as good as all human hosts !

Dutch Josh Members Profile Send Private Message Find Members Posts Add to Buddy List Admin Group Joined: 23 Jun 2024 Status: Offline Points: 554	Post Options Post Reply Quote Dutch Josh Report Post Thanks(0) Quote Reply Posted: 17 Jul 2024 at 1:50am
	Thijs Kuiken @thijskuiken < aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="menu" aria-label="More" role="" ="-175oi2r r-1777fci r-bt1l66 r-bztko3 r-lrvibr r-1loqt21 r-1ny4l3l" -testid="caret" ="" style="text-align: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; align-items: stretch; border-width: 0px; border-style: solid; border-color: black; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-height: 20px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; : relative; : 0; overflow: ; justify-: center; cursor: pointer; outline-style: none; user-: none;"> Indeed, amazing: 1) H7N3 in 7 poultry farms in Victoria. 2) H7N9 in 1 poultry farm in Victoria. 3) H7N8 in 2 poultry farms in New South Wales and 2 in Australian Capital Territory. How to explain 3 separate conversion events from low to high pathogenicity? Or are they linked? - Ian M Mackay, PhD @MackayIM < aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="menu" aria-label="More" role="" ="-175oi2r r-1777fci r-bt1l66 r-bztko3 r-lrvibr r-1loqt21 r-1ny4l3l" -testid="caret" ="" style="text-align: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; align-items: stretch; border-width: 0px; border-style: solid; border-color: black; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-height: 20px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; : relative; : 0; overflow: ; justify-: center; cursor: pointer; outline-style: none; user-: none;"> H7 high pathogenicity avian influenza. -amazing seeing three different FluAs causing these at once. https://outbreak.gov.au/current-outbreaks/avian-influenza - https://www.outbreak.gov.au/current-outbreaks/avian-influenza or https://www.outbreak.gov.au/current-outbreaks/avian-influenza ; Avian influenza virus strains are described as low pathogenicity (LPAI) or high pathogenicity (HPAI). Current strains of avian influenza do not appear to transmit easily between humans. Eggs and chicken meat are safe to eat provided they are handled and cooked according to standard food handling practices. Detection in Australia A response to outbreaks of H7 high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) is currently underway on 8 Victorian poultry farms, 2 in New South Wales and one in the ACT. All infected premises across Victoria, NSW and the ACT have been depopulated. DJ, So still unclear on how three different types of H7 flu showed up in several parts of Australia (in winter).

H7 flu

Detection in Australia

Victoria

New South Wales

Australian Capital Territory

Government actions

Avian Influenza A(H7) Viruses

Detection in Australia